Typology and strategic value of university–industry collaboration channels: Empirical evidence from the Dominican Republic

Resumen

This study examines the typology and effectiveness of university–industry collaboration channels in the Dominican Republic, addressing a gap in empirical research within Caribbean innovation ecosystems. Using an exploratory-descriptive design based on institutional surveys of universities, firms, and government entities engaged in public R&D projects, the analysis identified the most frequently used mechanisms, the obstacles limiting their development, and stakeholders' recommendations. Results reveal a predominance of traditional and operational channels, such as joint research projects, internships, and technical services. In contrast, strategic mechanisms with higher transformative potential, such as technology licensing, spin-offs, and shared laboratories, remain marginal. The study highlights systemic barriers, including insufficient funding, misaligned agendas, weak institutional structures, and a limited innovation culture, that constrain the capacity to advance toward sustainable, high-impact partnerships. A contextualized typology of collaboration channels is proposed, integrating dimensions of interaction level and strategic value, offering a practical tool for institutional strategy and policy design. The findings suggest that universities must professionalize knowledge transfer offices and incentive systems, while companies should adopt more strategic involvement in project design and execution. For policymakers, the study underscores the importance of stable funding, regulatory incentives, and governance frameworks to strengthen innovation ecosystems in emerging economies.